Thursday, October 21, 2010

Mexico                               


United Mexican States
Estados Unidos Mexicanos[1][2]
Flag Coat of arms
Anthem: "Himno Nacional Mexicano"
Mexican National Anthem
National seal:
Seal of the United Mexican States Seal of the Government of Mexico.svg
Capital
(and largest city)
Mexico City
19°03′N 99°22′W / 19.05°N 99.367°W / 19.05; -99.367
Official language(s) Spanish [1]
Recognised regional languages 62 Indigenous Amerindian languages[3]
Demonym Mexican
Government Federal Republic[4]
 -  President Felipe Calderón (PAN)
 -  Secretary of the Interior José Francisco Blake Mora
 -  Supreme Court President Guillermo Ortiz Mayagoitia
Legislature Congress
 -  Upper House Senate
 -  Lower House Chamber of Deputies
Independence from Spain 
 -  Declared September 16, 1810 
 -  Recognized September 27, 1821 
Area
 -  Total 1,972,550 km2 (15th)
761,606 sq mi 
 -  Water (%) 2.5
Population
 -  July 2009 estimate 111,211,789[5] (11th)
 -  2005 census 103,263,388 
 -  Density 55/km2 (142nd)
142/sq mi
GDP (PPP) 2010 estimate
 -  Total $1.541 trillion[6] (11)
 -  Per capita $14,495[6] (45th)
GDP (nominal) 2010 estimate
 -  Total $1.085 trillion[6] (13)
 -  Per capita $10,211[6] (46th)
Gini (2008) 46.1[7] (high
HDI (2007) 0.854[8] (high) (53rd)
Currency Peso (MXN)
Time zone Official Mexican Timezones (UTC-8 to −6)
 -  Summer (DST) varies (UTC-7 to −5)
Drives on the right
Internet TLD .mx
Calling code +52
Mexico, (pronounced Listeni /ˈmɛksɪk/; Spanish: México [ˈmexiko]  ( listen)), officially known as the United Mexican States[9] (Spanish: About this sound Estados Unidos Mexicanos ), is a federal constitutional republic in North America. It is bordered on the north by the United States; on the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; on the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea; and on the east by the Gulf of Mexico.[10][11] Covering almost 2 million square kilometres (over 760,000 sq mi),[12] Mexico is the fifth-largest country in the Americas by total area and the 14th largest independent nation in the world. With an estimated population of 111 million,[13] it is the 11th most populous country and the most populous Hispanophone country on Earth. Mexico is a federation comprising thirty-one states and a Federal District, the capital city.
In Pre-Columbian Mesoamerica many cultures matured into advanced civilizations such as the Olmec, the Toltec, the Teotihuacan, the Zapotec, the Maya and the Aztec before the first contact with Europeans. In 1521, Spain conquered and colonized the territory, which was administered as the viceroyalty of New Spain which would eventually become Mexico as the colony gained independence in 1821. The post-independence period was characterized by economic instability, territorial secession and civil war, including foreign intervention, two empires and two long domestic dictatorships. The latter led to the Mexican Revolution in 1910, which culminated with the promulgation of the 1917 Constitution and the emergence of the country's current political system. Elections held in July 2000 marked the first time that an opposition party won the presidency from the Institutional Revolutionary Party (Spanish: Partido Revolucionario Institucional, PRI).
As a regional power,[14][15] and since 1994 the first Latin American member of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), Mexico is firmly established as an upper middle-income country,[16] and is considered a newly industrialized country[17][18][19][20] and an emerging power.[21] It has the 13th largest nominal GDP and the 11th largest by purchasing power parity. The economy is strongly linked to those of its North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) partners, especially the United States,[22][23] as well as tourism, being the world's tenth most visited country with over 21.4 million international arrivals.[24] Mexico boasts a long tradition in the arts, renowned cuisine, and culture, and it ranks fifth in the world and first in the Americas on the list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites with 31.[25][26][27]